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Qian Zhou, Ya-dong Chen, Sheng Lu, Yang Liu, Wen-teng Xu, Yang-zhen Li, Lei Wang, Na Wang, Ying-ming Yang, Song-lin Chen
Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 3, Pages 406-411 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.06.017
Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) arrays are a powerful genotyping tool used in genetic research and genomic breeding programs. Japanese flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) is an economically-important aquaculture flatfish in many countries. However, the lack of high-efficient genotyping tools has impeded the genomic breeding programs for Japanese flounder. We developed a 50K Japanese flounder SNP array, "Yuxin No. 1," and report its utility in genomic selection (GS) for disease resistance to bacterial pathogens. We screened more than 42.2 million SNPs from the whole-genome resequencing data of 1099 individuals and selected 48 697 SNPs that were evenly distributed across the genome to anchor the array with Affymetrix Axiom genotyping technology. Evaluation of the array performance with 168 fish showed that 74.7% of the loci were successfully genotyped with high call rates (> 98%) and that the polymorphic SNPs had good cluster separations. More than 85% of the SNPs were concordant with SNPs obtained from the whole-genome resequencing data. To validate "Yuxin No. 1" for GS, the arrayed genotyping data of 27 individuals from a candidate population and 931 individuals from a reference population were used to calculate the genomic estimated breeding values (GEBVs) for disease resistance to Edwardsiella tarda. There was a 21.2% relative increase in the accuracy of GEBV using the weighted genomic best linear unbiased prediction (wGBLUP), compared to traditional pedigree-based best linear unbiased prediction (ABLUP), suggesting good performance of the "Yuxin No. 1" SNP array for GS. In summary, we developed the "Yuxin No. 1" 50K SNP array, which provides a useful platform for high-quality genotyping that may be beneficial to the genomic selective breeding of Japanese flounder.
Genomic Mutations within the Host Microbiome: Adaptive Evolution or Purifying Selection Review
Jiachao Zhang,Rob Knight,
Engineering 2023, Volume 20, Issue 1, Pages 96-102 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.11.018
Next-generation sequencing technology has transformed our ability to assess the taxonomic composition functions of host-associated microbiota and microbiomes. More human microbiome research projects—particularly those that explore genomic mutations within the microbiome—will be launched in the next decade. This review focuses on the coevolution of microbes within a microbiome, which shapes strain-level diversity both within and between host species. We also explore the correlation between microbial genomic mutations and common metabolic diseases, and the adaptive evolution of pathogens and probiotics during invasion and colonization. Finally, we discuss advances in methods and algorithms for annotating and analyzing microbial genomic mutations.
Keywords： Gut microbiota Genomic mutations Adaptive evolution Purifying selection Single-nucleotide variants
Zhang Ziyi
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 8, Pages 35-39
At the end of the 20th century Ministry of Agriculture of China put forward a strategic principle for agricultural development the main contents of which are paying equal attention to cereals crops, economic crops and feed crops. It stressed the importance of combination of agriculture and animal husbandry.
National dietary structure has had a great change in the past 20 years in China. It shows that the increasing quantity of meat, eggs and milk has been easing off the shortage of cereals. It´s estimated that there will be a shortage of 50% of protein for feed in the mid-long term for China to reache the leading level of the average per capita animal protein in the developing countries, especially the shortage of main limiting-amino acids, such as lysine and methionine, will be more critical. Considering the national conditions and strength, it is difficult to produce amino acids through the industrial way owing to the limitation of the investment, technique and ingredients. It is an effective way to solve the shortage of protein for feed that the internal quality of the agricultural production should be reformed and the increasing of quantity and the raising of quality of the protein for feed should rely on planting agriculture. There were many successful experiences in reforming the quality of the protein for feedstuffs. For example, high-lysine corn, low-glucosinolate rape seed and glandless cotton seed, etc. For this purpose, the internal timprovement of the agricultural production is not only to solve the shortage of the protein for feed, but also to be a strategic behave for improving the f
Keywords： three dimensions structure agriculture dietary structure reform of the internal quality amino acids industry
Studies on Cancer Chemoprevention of Retinamide RⅡ
Fu Zhaodi,Han Rui
Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 4, Pages 83-88
N-4- (carboxyphenyl) retinamide (RE) is a new drug developed by the Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences. The cancer chemopreventive action of R Ⅱ is reviewed in this paper. The multicenter clinical trials indicated that R Ⅱ was effective against premalignancies such as oral leukoplakia, vulvar leukoplakia, dysplasia of the uterine cervix and stomach. Preclinical studies demonstrated that R Ⅱ was a potent anti-mutagenic and anti-promotion agent. It has significant protective effects on chromosome aberration, and can inhibit ornithine decarboxyase (ODC) activity induced by 12-0-tetradecanoylphorbol-3-ac-etate (TPA) and decreases protein kinase C (PKC) activity. In a panel of experimental models including DM-BA induced buccal pouch carcinogenesis in hamster, DMBA and croton oil-induced skin papilloma, ni-trososamine induced forestomach carcinogenesis in mice, and N-butyl-N- ( 4-hydroxybutyl) -nitrosamine (BBN) induced bladder carcinogenesis in rats, it was demonstrated that R Ⅱ was a potent anti-carcinogenic a-gent. Electron microscopic studies and cell cycle kinetic analysis revealed that R Ⅱ could decrease malignant degree of tumor cells in terms of cell morphology and growth characteristics, and tumor cells differentiation. Action mechanisms studies indicated that R Ⅱ inhibited the expression of oncogene c-myc and enhanced the expression of c-fos.
In summary, R Ⅱ is a promising chemopreventive agent in terms of its anticarcinogenesis activity and clinical efficacy for the treatment of oral leukoplakia and vulvar leukoplakia.
Keywords： retinamide R Ⅱ cancer chemoprevention
Wang Jikun,Feng Guilin
Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 5, Pages 18-22
A newly developed technology for the pretreatment of copper anode slime, which has a prosperous industrial application prospect was introduced. Small-scale and half-industrialized tests show that direct pressure acid leaching of copper anode slime can make full use of the catalyzed oxidation of the water soluble copper ion in raw copper anode slime and quicken reaction speed. The trends of Ag, Se and Te in continuous leaching process are obviously different from those in discontinuous leaching process, and the leaching results are better than those of discontinuous pressure leaching technology. The new technology is good for comprehensive recycle of valuable elements.
Keywords： copper anode slime comprehensive use pressure acid leaching continous leaching process
Wang Shukai
Strategic Study of CAE 2009, Volume 11, Issue 9, Pages 34-37
It's difficult to leach ITO feed solution and effectively recycle indium and tin. The problems can be solved by treating ITO waste with sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid leaching-sulfide precipitation.
Keywords： ITO waste indium tin sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid leaching-sulfide precipitation
Lifu Wu, Sai An, Yu-Fei Song
Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 1, Pages 94-102 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.07.025
Benzaldehyde is a highly desirable chemical due to its extensive application in medicine, chemical synthesis and food sector among others. However, its production generally involves hazardous solvents such as trifluorotoluene or acetonitrile, and its conversion, especially selectivity in the aqueous phase, is still not up to expectations. Hence, developing an environmentally benign, synthetic process for benzaldehyde production is of paramount importance. Herein, we report the preparation of a photocatalyst (PW12-P-UCNS, where PW12 is H3PW12O40·xH2O and P-UCNS is phosphoric acid-modified unstack graphitic carbon nitride) by incorporating phosphotungstic acid on phosphoric acid-functionalised graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) nanosheets. The performance of PW12-P-UCNS was tested using the benzyl alcohol photo-oxidation reaction to produce benzaldehyde in H2O, at room temperature (20 °C). The asprepared PW12-P-UCNS photocatalyst showed excellent photocatalytic performance with 58.3% conversion and 99.5% selectivity within 2 h. Moreover, the catalyst could be reused for at least five times without significant activity loss. Most importantly, a proposed Z-scheme mechanism of the PW12-P-UCNScatalysed model reaction was revealed. We carefully investigated its transient photocurrent and electrochemical impedance, and identified superoxide radicals and photogenerated holes as the main active species through electron spin-resonance spectroscopy and scavenger experiments. Results show that the designed PW12-P-UCNS photocatalyst is a highly promising candidate for benzaldehyde production through the photo-oxidation reaction in aqueous phase, under mild conditions.
Keywords： Photocatalysis Heteropolyacids Graphitic carbon nitride Benzaldehyde
Lanqing Liu, Hong Liu, Wei Zhang, Mingdong Yao, Bingzhi Li, Duo Liu, Yingjin Yuan
Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 2, Pages 287-295 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2018.11.029
Engineering the biosynthesis of plant-derived natural products in microbes presents several challenges, especially when the expression and activation of the plant cytochrome P450 enzyme is required. By recruiting two enzymes—HpaB and HpaC—from several bacteria, we constructed functional 4-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase (4HPA3H) in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to take on a role similar to that of the plant-derived cytochrome P450 enzyme and produce caffeic acid. Along with a common tyrosine ammonia lyase (TAL), the different combinations of HpaB and HpaC presented varied capabilities in producing the target product, caffeic acid, from the substrate, L-tyrosine. The highest production of caffeic acid was obtained with the enzyme combination of HpaB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and HpaC from Salmonella enterica, which yielded up to 289.4 ± 4.6 mg·L−1 in shake-flask cultivation. The compatibility of heterologous enzymes within a yeast chassis was effectively improved, as the caffeic acid production was increased by 40 times from the initial yield. Six key amino acid residues around the flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) binding domain in HpaB from Pseudomonas aeruginosa were distinguished from those other HpaBs, and might play critical roles in affecting enzyme activity. We have thus established an effective approach to construct a highly efficient yeast system to synthesize non-native hydroxylated phenylpropanoids.
Keywords： Saccharomyces cerevisiae Caffeic acid Heterologous enzyme Cytochrome P450 Synthetic biology
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sn-2 Palmitate: A Review Review
Wei Wei, Cong Sun, Xiaosan Wang, Qingzhe Jin, Xuebing Xu, Casimir C. Akoh, Xingguo Wang
Engineering 2020, Volume 6, Issue 4, Pages 406-414 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.02.008
Human milk fat (HMF) is an important source of nutrients and energy for infants. Triacylglycerols (TAGs) account for about 98% of HMF and have a unique molecular structure. HMF is highly enriched in palmitic acid (PA) at the sn-2 position of the glycerol backbone (more than 70%) and in unsaturated fatty acids at the sn-1,3 position. The specific TAG structure in HMF plays a valuable function in infant growth. Sn-2 palmitate (mainly 1,3-dioleoyl-2-palmitoyl-glycerol) is one of the structured TAGs that is commonly supplemented into infant formula in order to enable it to present a similar structure to HMF. In this review, the development of the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate over the last 25 years are summarized, with a focus on reaction schemes in a laboratory setting. Particular attention is also paid to the commercialized sn-1,3 regioselective lipases that are used in structured TAGs synthesis, to general methods of TAG analysis, and to successfully developed sn-2 palmitate products on the market. Prospects for the lipase-catalyzed synthesis of sn-2 palmitate are discussed.
Study on the preparation and applications of novel and common use ion exchange membranes
Wang Yaoming,Wu Liang,Xu Tongwen
Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 12, Pages 76-86
Due to the special ion transfer characteristic in ion exchange membranes，the electro-membrane processes based on ion exchange membranes can achieve the separation and classification of the ions，which have found more and more important applications in clean production，energy-saving and emission reducing，environmental protection，and energy conversion. The ion exchange membranes processes meet with the demands of energy-saving，reuse of raw material，and pollution prevention in modern industries，and have become one of the key components for sustainable development in our economy. However，the preparation and applications of homogenous in exchange membranes are still at infant stage of development in China due to technological embargoes and price monopoly by the Japan leaded developed country. As a consequence，it is of great significance for the development of some novel membrane preparation routes. A one-step preparation route of homogenous exchange membranes by polyacylation of ionized monomers was developed in our lab. The ATRP technology was used to manipulate the structure of ion exchane membranes to achieve the constrcution of hydrophobic structure in the main chain and hydropholic in the side chain by controlling graft density and graft length of the side-chain pendant. The prepared membranes by this strategy will meet the demands of different applications. The indutrial preparation of this kinds of ion exchange membranes can breakthourgh the technological embargoes and price monopoly the Japan of leaded developed country and can achieve development of the independent intellectual property rights in exchange membranes production. The preparation route is very simple and effective with a moderate operation condition. The quarternization and sulfonation steps were avoided in our preparation route with a simplified preparation steps and a reduced pollution. Our preparation route meets with the demand of high-effective membranes in diffusion dialysis，conventional electrodialysis and bipolar membranes electrodialysis. The prepared membranes were tested with satisfactory results in many different processes such as special wastewater treatment，organic acids production，amino acid separation and purification，and heavy metal wastewater treatment.
Keywords： ion exchange membrane electrodialysis organic acid amino acid heavy metal wastewater
Separation and epoxidation of PUFA from rubber seed oil
Huang Yuanbo,Yang Xiaoqin,Yang Jing,Zheng Yunwu and Zheng Zhifeng
Strategic Study of CAE 2014, Volume 16, Issue 4, Pages 74-78
Polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) was separated from rubber seed oil (RSO)，and then epoxidized PUFA (EPUFA) was prepared by peroxyacetic acid generated in situ by reacting acetic acid and hydrogen peroxide with PUFA from RSO. Influence of the amount of 30 % H2O2 and acetic acid，reaction time，and reaction temperature on epoxidation were studied，results showed that the optimum reaction conditions as follows：the ration of PUFA/acetic acid / 30 % H2O2 was 1/0.9/2.5 (g/g/g)，the mixture reacted under 65 ℃ for 3 h，the epoxy value of EPUFA was up to 8.28 mol/100 g，relative conversion to oxirane was 82 %，conversion of double was 97 %.
Keywords： rubber seed oil polyunsaturated fatty acid epoxidation polyol
Yan Zhang, Shuting Wang, He Xia, Jing Guo, Kangxin He, Chenjie Huang, Rui Luo, Yanfei Chen, Kaijin Xu, Hainv Gao, Jifang Sheng, Lanjuan Li
Engineering 2022, Volume 17, Issue 10, Pages 161-169 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.05.009
Understanding the immunological characteristics of monocytes—including the characteristics associated with fibrosis—in severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is crucial for understanding the pathogenic mechanism of the disease and preventing disease severity. In this study, we performed single-cell transcriptomic sequencing of peripheral blood samples collected from six healthy controls and 14 COVID-19 samples including severe, moderate, and convalescent samples from three severely/critically ill and four moderately ill patients. We found that the monocytes were strongly remodeled in the severely/critically ill patients with COVID-19, with an increased proportion of monocytes and seriously reduced diversity. In addition, we discovered two novel severe-disease-specific monocyte subsets: Mono 0 and Mono 5. These subsets expressed amphiregulin (AREG), epiregulin (EREG), and cytokine interleukin-18 (IL-18) gene, exhibited an enriched erythroblastic leukemia viral oncogene homolog (ErbB) signaling pathway, and appeared to exhibit pro-fibrogenic and pro-inflammation characteristics. We also found metabolic changes in Mono 0 and Mono 5, including increased glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and an increased hypoxia inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) signaling pathway. Notably, one pre-severe sample displayed a monocyte atlas similar to that of the severe/critical samples. In conclusion, our study discovered two novel severe-disease-specific monocyte subsets as potential predictors and therapeutic targets for severe COVID-19. Overall, this study provides potential predictors for severe disease and therapeutic targets for COVID-19 and thus provides a resource for further studies on COVID-19.
Keywords： COVID-19 Severe infection Critically ill Monocytes Fibrosis
Mechanisms of Steatosis-Derived Hepatocarcinogenesis: Lessons from HCV Core Gene Transgenic Mice Review
Pan Diao, Fangping Jia, Xiaojing Wang, Xiao Hu, Takefumi Kimura, Takero Nakajima, Toshifumi Aoyama, Kyoji Moriya, Kazuhiko Koike, Naoki Tanaka
Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1797-1805 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.08.019
Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a major cause of chronic hepatitis, liver cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) worldwide. Among the structural proteins of HCV, the HCV core protein has the ability to regulate gene transcription, lipid metabolism, cell proliferation, apoptosis, and autophagy, all of which are closely related to the development of HCC. Transgenic mice carrying the HCV core gene exhibited age-dependent insulin resistance, hepatic steatosis, and HCC that resembled the clinical characteristics of chronic hepatitis C patients. Several dietary modifications, including calorie restriction and diets rich in saturated fatty acids (SFAs), trans fatty acids (TFAs), or cholesterol, were found to influence hepatic steatogenesis and tumorigenesis in HCV core gene transgenic mice. These strategies modulated hepatocellular stress and proliferation, in addition to hepatic fibrotic processes and the microenvironment, thereby corroborating a close interconnection between dietary habits and steatosis-related hepatocarcinogenesis. In this review, we summarize the findings obtained from mouse models transgenic for the HCV genome, with a special focus on HCV core gene transgenic mice, and discuss the mechanisms of steatogenesis and hepatocarcinogenesis induced by the HCV core protein and the impact of dietary habits on steatosis-derived HCC development.
Keywords： Steatosis Hepatocellular carcinoma Trans fatty acid Saturated fatty acid Dietary restriction HCV core protein
Ca-Alginate-Based Janus Capsules with a Pumping Effect for Intestinal-Targeted Controlled Release Article
Shuang Wen, XiaoJie Ju, Wenying Liu, Yuqiong Liu, Xingqun Pu, Zhuang Liu, Wei Wang, Rui Xie, Yousef Faraj, Liangyin Chu
Engineering 2023, Volume 24, Issue 5, Pages 114-125 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2022.05.021
A novel intestinal-targeted θ-shaped capsule with a pumping effect for the controlled release of hydrophobic drugs is successfully developed. The proposed capsule is composed of a Ca-alginate–chitosan/protamine/silica (ACPSi) composite shell and two chambers forming an θ-shape (θ-ACPSi), which respectively encapsulate drugs and booster agents. Enteric hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phthalate (HPMCP) microspheres are embedded into the drug chamber shell. The θ-ACPSi composite shell offers improved protection for the encapsulated drug in the stomach environment and excellent intestinal-targeted drug release. Using indomethacin as the model drug and polyacrylic acid (PAA) as the booster agent, both the opening of "microchannels" in the drug chamber and the swelling of PAA in the booster chamber increase the release rate of high-concentration indomethacin and ensure a constant release of indomethacin in the small intestine. In the stomach (pH 2.5), less than 1% of the indomethacin is released. However, when the θ-ACPSi capsules enter the small intestine (pH 6.8), the HPMCP microspheres in the drug chamber shell dissolve to open the "microchannels," while the PAA swells to provide pumping impetus. As a result, more than 60% of the indomethacin is released at a constant speed in the small intestine. The proposed θ-ACPSi capsules provide a potential and novel model for developing responsive pumping controlled-release systems and intestinal-targeted drug delivery systems.
Keywords： Capsules Ca-alginate Intestinal-targeted delivery Pumping effects Controlled release
The Development of World Tantalum Powder Technology
He Jilin
Strategic Study of CAE 2001, Volume 3, Issue 12, Pages 85-89
This article introduces the technology development of capacitor grade tantalum powders including high voltage tantalum powders, medium voltage tantalum powders and high specific capacitance tantalum powders. Many tantalum powder producers have invented new processes and technology to increase specific capacitance, reducing impurity content and improve the physical properties of tantalum powder so as to meet the requirement of capacitor manufacturing.
Keywords： tantalum powder tantalum capacitor specific capacitance sodium reduction of potassium fluotantalate
Title Author Date Type Operation
Development of a 50K SNP Array for Japanese Flounder and Its Application in Genomic Selection for Disease Resistance
Qian Zhou, Ya-dong Chen, Sheng Lu, Yang Liu, Wen-teng Xu, Yang-zhen Li, Lei Wang, Na Wang, Ying-ming Yang, Song-lin Chen
Journal Article
Genomic Mutations within the Host Microbiome: Adaptive Evolution or Purifying Selection
Jiachao Zhang,Rob Knight,
Journal Article
Reform of the Internal Quality of the Three Dimensions Structure Agricultural Pattern and the National People's Dietary Structure
Zhang Ziyi
Journal Article
Research and development of the continuous pressure acid leaching technology for the pretreatment of copper anode slime
Wang Jikun,Feng Guilin
Journal Article
Recycling indium and tin by treating ITO waste with sulphuric acid and hydrochloric acid leaching-sulfide precipitation
Wang Shukai
Journal Article
Heteropolyacids-Immobilized Graphitic Carbon Nitride: Highly Efficient Photo-Oxidation of Benzyl Alcohol in the Aqueous Phase
Lifu Wu, Sai An, Yu-Fei Song
Journal Article
Engineering the Biosynthesis of Caffeic Acid in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with Heterologous Enzyme Combinations
Lanqing Liu, Hong Liu, Wei Zhang, Mingdong Yao, Bingzhi Li, Duo Liu, Yingjin Yuan
Journal Article
Lipase-Catalyzed Synthesis of Sn-2 Palmitate: A Review
Wei Wei, Cong Sun, Xiaosan Wang, Qingzhe Jin, Xuebing Xu, Casimir C. Akoh, Xingguo Wang
Journal Article
Study on the preparation and applications of novel and common use ion exchange membranes
Wang Yaoming,Wu Liang,Xu Tongwen
Journal Article
Separation and epoxidation of PUFA from rubber seed oil
Huang Yuanbo,Yang Xiaoqin,Yang Jing,Zheng Yunwu and Zheng Zhifeng
Journal Article
Identification of Monocytes Associated with Severe COVID-19 in the PBMCs of Severely Infected Patients Through Single-Cell Transcriptome Sequencing
Yan Zhang, Shuting Wang, He Xia, Jing Guo, Kangxin He, Chenjie Huang, Rui Luo, Yanfei Chen, Kaijin Xu, Hainv Gao, Jifang Sheng, Lanjuan Li
Journal Article
Mechanisms of Steatosis-Derived Hepatocarcinogenesis: Lessons from HCV Core Gene Transgenic Mice
Pan Diao, Fangping Jia, Xiaojing Wang, Xiao Hu, Takefumi Kimura, Takero Nakajima, Toshifumi Aoyama, Kyoji Moriya, Kazuhiko Koike, Naoki Tanaka
Journal Article
Ca-Alginate-Based Janus Capsules with a Pumping Effect for Intestinal-Targeted Controlled Release
Shuang Wen, XiaoJie Ju, Wenying Liu, Yuqiong Liu, Xingqun Pu, Zhuang Liu, Wei Wang, Rui Xie, Yousef Faraj, Liangyin Chu
Journal Article
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